Wahi a ka National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), ka American Diabetes Association (ADA), a me ka CDC, ʻo ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pae lipid a me ka glucose ka mea nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai olakino a me nā make mai nā kūlana hiki ke pale ʻia.[1-3]
Ua wehewehe ʻia ka dyslipidemia ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe o ka plasmacholesterol a i ʻole triglycerides (TG), a i ʻole nā mea ʻelua, a i ʻole kahi haʻahaʻalipoprotein kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (HDL)ʻO ka pae e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis.ʻO nā kumu mua o ka dyslipidemia hiki ke komo i nā mutation gene i hopena i ka overproduction a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hemahema o TG alipoprotein haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LDL)cholesterol a i ʻole i ka emi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui ʻana o HDL.ʻO nā kumu lua o ka dyslipidemia, ʻo ia ka noho ʻana me ka ʻai nui o ka momona momona a me ka cholesterol.[4]
ʻO Cholesterol he lipid i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻiʻo holoholona āpau, ke koko, ka bile, a me nā momona holoholona e pono ai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hana o ka membrane cell, synthesis hormone, a me ka hana ʻana i ka momona-soluble vitamina.Hele ʻo Cholesterol ma ke kahe koko i loko o nā lipoproteins.5 Hāʻawi nā LDL i ka cholesterol i nā cell, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai i loko o nā membrane a i ʻole no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hormones steroid.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hōʻiliʻili ʻo HDL i ka cholesterol keu aʻe mai nā pūnaewele a hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ke ake.[6]Hiki i ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke koko ke hui pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hopena i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka plaque.ʻO TG nā esters i loaʻa mai ka glycerol a me nā ʻakika momona ʻekolu i mālama mau ʻia i loko o nā mea momona.Hoʻokuʻu nā Hormones i ka TG no ka ikehu ma waena o nā meaʻai.Hiki i ka TG ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai a manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka metabolic syndrome;No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā ʻana o ka lipid no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia ka dyslipidemia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi naʻau coronary.[7]
ʻIke ʻia ka dyslipidemia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi serumhōʻike lipid profile.1Ke ana kēia ho'āʻo i ka cholesterol a pau, HDL cholesterol, TG, a helu ʻia ka cholesterol LDL.
ʻO ka maʻi diabetes
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi he maʻi maʻi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hemahema o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ka insulin a me ka glucagon.Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Glucagon i ka pane ʻana i ka haʻahaʻa glucose haʻahaʻa, ka hopena i ka glycogenolysis.Huna ʻia ka Insulin ma ka pane ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, e lawe ana nā cell i ka glucose mai ke koko a hoʻololi iā ia i glycogen no ka mālama ʻana.[8]Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hyperglycemia ma ka hana ʻole o ka glucagon a i ʻole ka insulin.Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hōʻino i nā maka, nā puʻupaʻa, nā aʻalolo, ka puʻuwai, a me nā kīʻaha koko.Nui nā hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose koko maʻamau a me ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana i ka glucose plasma glucose.[9]
Epidemiology
Wahi a ka CDC, 71 miliona ʻAmelika (33.5%) i loaʻa i ka dyslipidemia.ʻO 1 wale nō o 3 poʻe me ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe ke mālama ʻia ke kūlana.He 200 mg/dL ka awelika o ka cholesterol nui o na kanaka makua Amerika.11 Ua manao ka CDC he 29.1 miliona Amerika (9.3%) i loaa ka ma'i ma'i ma'i, me 21 miliona i ikeia a me 8.1 miliona (27.8%) i ike ole ia.[2]
Hyperlipidemiahe "maʻi o ka waiwai" maʻamau i kēia mau lā.I nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, ua ulu aʻe ia i mea nui o ka honua.Wahi a ka WHO, Mai ka 21st century, he awelika o 2.6 miliona mau kānaka i make i nā maʻi cardiovascular a me ka cerebrovascular (e like me ka myocardial infarction a me ka hahau) ma muli o ka hyperlipidemia lōʻihi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻO ka nui o ka hyperlipidemia i nā pākeke ʻEulopa he 54%, a ma kahi o 130 miliona mau mākua ʻEulopa i loaʻa i ka hyperlipidemia.ʻO ka maʻi o ka hyperlipidemia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa he ʻano koʻikoʻi akā haʻahaʻa iki ma mua o ʻEulopa.Hōʻike nā hopena he 50 ka nui o nā kāne a me 48 ka nui o nā wahine ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hyperlipidemia.Hiki i nā poʻe maʻi Hyperlipidemia ke loaʻa i ka cerebral apoplexy;A ina ua paa na aa koko ma na maka o ke kino kanaka, e emi ana ka ike, a i ka makapo paha;Inā loaʻa ia i loko o ka puʻupaʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka renal arteriosclerosis, e pili ana i ka hana maʻamau o ka mea maʻi, a me ka hiki ʻole o ka renal failure.Inā loaʻa ia ma nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, hiki ke necrosis a me nā ʻeha.Eia kekahi, hiki i nā lipids koko kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia e like me ke hypertension, gallstones, pancreatitis a me senile dementia.
HOOLAHA
1. Hōʻike ʻekolu o ka National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) hope loa.Kaapuni.2002;106:3143-3421.
2. CDC.2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report.ʻOkakopa 14, 2014. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/2014statisticsreport.html.Loaʻa iā Iulai 20, 2014.
3. CDC, Māhele no ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka pale ʻana.ʻO ka palapala hōʻike cholesterol.www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_cholesterol.htm.Loaʻa iā Iulai 20, 2014.
4. Goldberg A. Dyslipidemia.ʻO Merck Manual ʻOihana ʻOihana.www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders/lipid_disorders/dyslipidemia.html.Loaʻa iā Iulai 6, 2014.
5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.E ʻimi i ka cholesterol koko kiʻekiʻe.https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbc/.Loaʻa iā Iulai 6, 2014.
6. Ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ke Kulanui o Wakinekona.Cholesterol, lipoproteins a me ke ake.http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/cholesterol/liver.html.Loaʻa iā Iulai 10, 2014.
7. Halemai Mayo.Kiʻekiʻe cholesterol.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/art-20048186.Loaʻa iā Iune 10, 2014.
8. Diabetes.co.uk.Glucagon.www.diabetes.co.uk/body/glucagon.html.Loaʻa iā Iulai 15, 2014.
9. Halemai Mayo.Diabetes.www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20033091.Loaʻa iā Iune 20, 2014.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-17-2022