ʻO SARS CoV-2 ， He Coronaviruses Kūikawā

Mai ka hihia mua o ka maʻi coronavirus, i Dekemaba 2019, ua laha ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i nā miliona o ka honua.ʻO kēia maʻi maʻi honua o ka moʻoleloʻO ka maʻi ʻeha hanu koʻikoʻi coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)ʻO ia kekahi o nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi a pili i ka honua o kēia mau lā, e hoʻoweliweli nui ana i ka honua a pili i nā ʻano āpau o ke ola kanaka.[1]
Hoʻopili ʻia nā Coronaviruses, ka manaʻo maikaʻi, nā maʻi RNA i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻohana Coronaviridae, he ākea ākea o nā pūʻali e like me ke kanaka, nā ʻōpeʻa, nā kāmelo, a me nā ʻano avian, me nā holoholona a me nā holoholona hoa, e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke olakino lehulehu. 1 Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Coronaviruses i loko o ka subfamily o Orthocoronavirinae, i māhele hou ʻia i ʻehā genera, e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā kaʻina protein: a-coronavirus, b-coronavirus, g-coronavirus, a me d-coronavirus.ʻO nā a-coronaviruses a me b-coronaviruses wale nō ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mammals, akā ʻo ka g-coronaviruses a me ka d-coronaviruses ka mea e hoʻopilikia mua i nā manu, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi o lākou ke hoʻopili i nā mammals.HCoV-229E,

ʻO oV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, SARSCoV, MERS-CoV, a me SARS-CoV-2 ʻo nā coronaviruses ʻehiku i ʻike ʻia e hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo SARSCoV a me MERS-CoV, ka mea i puka mai i ka heluna kanaka ma 2002 a me 2012, he pathogenic nui loa.ʻOiai ʻo ka coronavirus kanaka (HCoV)-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, a i ʻole HCoV-HKU1 strains e holo ana i loko o ka heluna kanaka ke kumu wale i ke anu maʻamau, 7 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), ke kumu kumu o ʻO COVID-19, he moʻolelo b-coronavirus, i ʻike mua ʻia ma ka hopena o 2019 a ua hopena i nā make pōʻino.ʻO nā hōʻailona mua oCOVID-19Ua like ia me ka SARS-CoV a me MERS-CoV: ke kuni, ka luhi, ka maloʻo maloʻo, ka ʻeha o ka umauma luna, i kekahi manawa ka maʻi maʻi, a me ka dyspnea.ʻAʻole like i halanā maʻi coronavirus (CoV)., ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha honua, ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana, ka manawa incubation ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maʻi asymptomatic, a me ka nui o ka maʻi o SARS-CoV-2 e koi i ka ʻike hohonu e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā pale pale pale.

E like me nā coronaviruses kanaka ʻē aʻe (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV), loaʻa iā SARSCoV-2 kahi genome RNA i hoʻokahi-stranded, maikaʻi-sense ma kahi o 30 kb ka nui.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1, hoʻopili nā protein nucleocapsid (N) viral i ka genome i loko o kahi paʻakikī ribonucleoprotein (RNP), a laila hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lipids a me nā protein viral S (spike), M (membrane), a me E (envelop).ʻO ka hopena 50 o ka genome he ʻelua mau papa heluhelu wehe nui (ORFs), ORF1a a me ORF1b, hoʻopili i nā polypeptides pp1a a me pp1b, i hana ʻia i loko o 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs) e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi viral e nā viral proteases NSP3 a me NSP5 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. he papain-like protease domain a me ka 3C-like protease domain, each.9 ʻO ka hopena 30 o ka genome e hoʻopili ana i nā proteins structural a me nā proteins accessory, kahi o ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, a me ORF7b i hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia he mau protein structural viral i komo. i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana viral a me ka ORF3b a me ka ORF6 hana ma ke ʻano he interferon antagonists.Wahi a ka annotation o kēia manawa ma ke kumu o ka like like me nā b-coronaviruses, ʻo SARS-CoV-2 nā wānana o ʻeono mau protein accessory (3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, a me 10).Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau ORF āpau, a ʻo ka helu pololei o nā genes accessory o SARS-CoV-2 he wahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa.No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā genes kōkua e kēia genome compact .[2]
He mea koʻikoʻi nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi e ʻike a mālama i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19 a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻomalu e kaupalena ʻia ai ka laha.Loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua molecular point-of-care (POC) e ʻae i ka ʻike mua a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā hihia SARS-CoV-2 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano diagnostic e pili ana i ka lab, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka home a me ke kaiāulu.
[1] Ka hopena maʻi a me ka hana o ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻana i ka SARS-CoV-2 i kahi keʻena pilikia.
[2] ʻO ke kaua ma waena o ka mea hoʻokipa a me SARS-CoV-2: Ka palekana kūlohelohe a me nā hoʻolālā evasion viral