01 He aha ka hemoglobin
ʻO ka ʻōlelo Pelekane no ka hemoglobin ʻo HGB a i ʻole Hb.ʻO ka Hemoglobin kahi pūmua kūikawā e lawe ana i ka oxygen i loko o nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula.He pūmua ia e ʻulaʻula ke koko.Ua haku ʻia ʻo Globin a me ka heme.ʻO ka Unite o ke ana ka helu o nā kalama o ka hemoglobin i ka lita (1000 ml) o ke koko.Ua like ka waiwai o ka hemoglobin a me ke koko ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana a me ka emi ʻana o ka hemoglobin hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui a me ka emi ʻana o ke koko ʻulaʻula.
ʻOkoʻa iki ka waiwai kuhikuhi o ka hemoglobin ma muli o ke kāne a me ka makahiki.Penei ka pae kuhikuhi: kāne makua: 110-170g/L, wahine makua: 115-150g/L, hānau hou: 145-200g/L
02 hemoglobin ma lalo o ka pae maʻamau
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hemoglobin i nā loli physiological a me nā pathological.ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka hōʻemi pathological i nā ʻano anemia like ʻole, a ʻo nā kumu maʻamau ka:
① ʻAʻole i hana ʻia ka hematopoietic o ka iwi iwi, e like me ka anemia aplastic, ka leukemia, ka myeloma, a me ka fibrosis iwi;
② ʻO ka hemahema o ka mea hematopoietic a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pilikia, e like me ka Iron-deficiency anemia, sideroblastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, erythropenia (folic acid a me ka vitamin B deficiency);
③ ʻO ke kahe o ke koko maʻamau a maʻamau, e like me ke kahe o ke koko ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻeha, ka maʻi peptic, ka maʻi Parasitic;
④ ʻO ka luku nui ʻana o nā ʻāpana koko, e like me ka hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, abnormal hemoglobinopathy, hemolytic anemia;
⑤ Anemia i kumu a i hele pū ʻia me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe (e like me ka mumū, ka maʻi ate, ka maʻi endocrine system).
Ke loaʻa nā ʻano anemia like ʻole, ma muli o nā pae like ʻole o ka hemoglobin i loko o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula a me ka hemoglobin e kūlike.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ana Hemoglobin no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka anemia, akā no ka hoʻomaopopo hou ʻana i ke ʻano o ka anemia, ka helu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me ka nānā ʻana i ka morphological, a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke koko ʻulaʻula, pono e hana ʻia.
03 Hemoglobin ma mua o ka pae maʻamau
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka hemoglobin i nā piʻi physiological a me nā pathological.He mea maʻamau ka piʻi ʻana o ke kino ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i nā poʻe noho, nā pēpē, nā keiki hānau hou, a me nā poʻe olakino e noho ana ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hemoglobin i ka wā hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hana kino.ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen i ka lewa ma ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka pāpū.I mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka pono o ka oxygen, e loaʻa i ke kino kahi hopena uku, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hemoglobin.Kapa pinepine ʻia kēia ʻo "hypererythrosis", ʻo ia ka maʻi mauna Chronic.Pēlā nō, ʻo nā fetuses a me nā keiki hānau hou, ma muli o ke ʻano hypoxic i loko o ka ʻōpū, he mau pae hemoglobin kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hāʻule i ka pae maʻamau o nā kūlana makua ma hope o 1-2 mau mahina o ka hānau ʻana.Ke hoʻomaka mākou i ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hana koʻikoʻi kino, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka hypoxia a me ka hoʻoulu nui ʻana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka viscosity koko a me ka hemoglobin.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe pathological i ke kiʻekiʻe pili a me ke kiʻekiʻe piha.ʻO ka hoʻonui pili ka mea maʻamau he hoʻopunipuni pōkole ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka plasma a me ka hoʻonui pili o nā mea ʻike ʻia i loko o ke koko.ʻIke pinepine ʻia i ke koko dehydrated, a ma muli o ka luaʻi nui ʻana, ka maʻi maʻi he nui, ka nui o ka hou ʻana, ka wela nui, ka maʻi diabetes insipidus, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano nui o nā diuretics.
ʻO ka piʻi nui loa e pili ana i ka hypoxia kiko, ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae erythropoietin i loko o ke koko, a me ka hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula mai ka iwi iwi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma:
① ʻO ka Polycythemia mua: He maʻi myeloproliferative maʻamau, kahi maʻamau i ka hana lapaʻau.Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka mucosa ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā keʻena koko ʻulaʻula a me ka nui o ke koko holoʻokoʻa, me ka piʻi ʻana o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā platelets.
② Polycythemia lua: ʻike ʻia i ka maʻi puʻuwai puʻuwai, Emphysema obstructive, cyanotic Congenital heart defect and abnormal hemoglobin;Ua pili i kekahi mau ma'i koko a me na ma'i ma'i, e like me ka ma'i 'a'ai, hepatocellular carcinoma, Uterine fibroid, ovarian cancer, renal embryoma and Hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney, and kidney transplantation;Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka erythropoietin spontaneous ʻohana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻulaʻula koko i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
04 Hemoglobin i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki
Loaʻa i nā mea pāʻani ka nui o nā loli hemoglobin, me nā ʻokoʻa nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka.Inā he poʻe hemoglobin kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha, ʻo ka amplitude fluctude o ko lākou hemoglobin i ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau e kūlike me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa hoʻoikaika kino, a noho lāua ʻelua i loko o kekahi ʻano o ka fluctuations.I ke kaʻina o ka nānā ʻana i ka hemoglobin, i mea e hāʻawi ai i ka loiloi a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana, pono e alakaʻi ʻia ka loiloi pilikino i nā loli i ka hemoglobin o kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā mea pāʻani ke hoʻemi i ka Hb, akā ʻo ka emi ʻana ma loko o 10% o ko lākou awelika ponoʻī, a ʻaʻohe emi nui o ka hiki ke haʻuki.Ma hope o kahi pae o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, i ka wā e hoʻololi ai ke kino i ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e piʻi hou ka neʻe ʻana o ka Hb, e piʻi ana ma kahi o 10% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona pae awelika, ʻo ia ka hōʻike o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hiki ke pāʻani.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea pāʻani ma nā hoʻokūkū;Inā ʻaʻole e piʻi aʻe ka pae Hb a hōʻike paha i kahi ʻano i lalo ma hope o kahi pae o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka waiwai kumu kumu ma ka 10% a i ka 15%, hōʻike ia he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoikaika kino a ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ke kino i ka hana. ukana.I kēia manawa, pono e uku ʻia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻolālā hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokūkū, a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka meaʻai meaʻai.
No laila i ka wā o ka ʻike ʻana i ka hemoglobin, hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki nui kūpono, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomanawanui, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiwiki ʻana no nā mea pāʻani, hiki ke kōkua i nā mea aʻo e koho i nā mea.
05 ʻIke Hemoglobin
Pono ka ʻike ʻana o ka hemoglobin i ka laʻana koko ma ka haukapila no ka nānā ʻana i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, a ʻo ke ʻano hana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka colorimetry analyser blood cell.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopili koko, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka hemoglobin.Ma nā halemai maʻamau, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻāʻo kaʻawale ʻia ka helu hemoglobin, a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau i ke koko e komo pū me nā hoʻokolohua helu hemoglobin.
06 He mea hoʻopili hemoglobin paʻa
Lawelawemea hoʻoponopono hemoglobinHe mea loiloi e hoʻohana ana i ke kumu o ka noʻonoʻo māmā e ʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hemoglobin i ke koko holoʻokoʻa o nā capillaries a i ʻole nā veins kanaka.Hemoglobin mikahiki ke loaʻa koke nā hopena hilinaʻi ma o ka hana maʻalahi.He mea liʻiliʻi, lawe lima, maʻalahi e hana, a wikiwiki hoʻi e ʻike i kahi kaula hoʻāʻo kemika maloʻonānā hemoglobin.Me hoʻokahi kulu o ke koko manamana lima, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pae hemoglobin (Hb) a me ka hematocrit (HCT) o ka mea maʻi i loko o 10 kekona.He kūpono loa ia no nā halemai ma nā pae āpau e hoʻokō i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mālama ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka kūpono no ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana hoʻokolokolo kino kaiāulu.Pono nā ʻano hana ʻike kuʻuna i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā laʻana koko a hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i ke keʻena hana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, he hana koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī i nā limahana mālama olakino e kamaʻilio me nā maʻi a me ko lākou ʻohana i ka manawa kūpono.Eia naʻe, hāʻawi nā mika hemoglobin portable i kahi hopena maikaʻi loa no kēia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-20-2023